Post-Quantum Cryptography, or PQC, is all about creating new ways to encrypt things so they can’t be cracked by either regular computers or the super-powerful quantum computers that are coming. Right now, things like RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and ECC are pretty standard for public-key encryption. But the worry is that as quantum com-puters get better, they’ll be able to solve the math problems these systems rely on, basically breaking them. Algorithms like Shor’s algorithm are a big concern because they could compromise the security and trustworthiness of our digital conversations. That’s why we really need to figure out en-cryption methods that can handle quantum computers but still work well with today’s networks. PQC is basically the next step in encryption, using math problems that we think quan-tum computers won’t be able to solve easily. We’re talking about things like lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, mul-tivariate, and isogeny-based cryptography. Unlike quantum key distribution, which needs special quantum gear, PQC can be used with the computers and devices we already have. This makes it much more practical and cheaper to roll out every-where. It means companies can start swapping out their old encryption systems bit by bit without having to rebuild their whole communication setup.

Keywords: Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quan-tum Computing, Secure Communication, Quantum-Resistant Cryptography, Encryption, Digital Signatures, Cybersecurity, Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM).